Template:Citation/doc

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This is a documentation subpage for Template:Citation (see that page for the template itself).
It contains usage information, categories and other content that is not part of the original template page.

{{for2|the {{fake citation needed template|tl|citation needed


The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, patent, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.

If invoked with the right parameters, this template produces output identical to that of the Cite templates, such as {{Cite book}} 

and {{Cite web}}

. The default behavior sometimes differs from that of the Cite templates; for example, this template by default generates anchors for Harvard references whereas the Cite templates do not (although they can be made to do so), and this template by default uses commas to separate some fields that the Cite templates separate with periods (full stops).

The template should be inserted after punctuation, such as a period or comma.

All parameter names are lowercase.

Simple citation

This template gives the most commonly used attributes. You can copy the horizontal form or vertical form below and then add in extra attributes from the full list. Spacing and ordering is irrelevant.

{{Citation |last= |first= |year= |title= |publisher= |publication-place= |page= |url= |accessdate= }} 

{{Citation
| last       =
| first      =
| year       =
| title      =
| publisher  =
| publication-place =
| page       =
| url        =
| accessdate =
}}
  • last: The author's surname or last name. Don't use with author.
  • first: The author's first or given name(s).
  • year: Year of authorship or publication. Mandatory for use with links from :Template:Harvard citation, unless |date= specifies both month and year.
  • title: Title of the work. Mandatory for web references.
  • publisher: The name of the publisher. Omit terms such as Publishers, Co., Inc., Ltd., etc., but retain the words Books or Press. Not normally included where the publication is a periodical which has its own Wikipedia article (e.g. Newsweek, Billboard (magazine)|Billboard).
    • publication-place (or place or location): The city of publication. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. Omit when the publication is a periodical whose name specifies the location (e.g. The New York Times, The Times of India)
  • page: For use when one page is cited. Adds "p." before the page number. Do not use with pages.
  • url: A Uniform resource locator|url of an online location where the item can be found. If the url includes double quotes, these must be encoded as "%22".
    • accessdate: Date[n 1] when the url was accessed.

Example

{{Citation
| last      = Turner
| first     = Orsamus
| title     = History of the pioneer settlement of
Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve
| publisher = William Alling
| place     = Rochester, New York
| year      = 1851
| id        = {{OL|7120924W}}
}}
Turner, Orsamus (1851), History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve, Rochester, New York: William Alling, OL7120924W 

Full citation parameters

These can be used for all types of publication except patents. All are optional and indentation is used simply to group related items — these may be mutually exclusive where indicated. Some hyphenated names can also be placed without hyphens. 

{{Citation
| author  =
| last    =
| first   =
| author2 =
| last2   =
| first2  =
| author-link  =
| author2-link =
| author-separator =
| author-name-separator =
| author-mask =
| display-authors =
| coauthors =
| editor        =
| editor-last   =
| editor-first  =
| editor2       =
| editor2-last  =
| editor2-first =
| editor-link   =
| editor2-link  =
| others   =
| publication-date =
| date     =
| year     =
| month    =
| origyear =
| title    =
| chapter  =
| chapter-url  =
| contribution =
| contribution-url =
| type    =
| journal =
| periodical =
| newspaper  =
| magazine   =
| work =
| edition =
| series  =
| volume  =
| issue   =
| publisher =
| publication-place =
| place    =
| language =
| page  =
| pages =
| nopp  =
| at   =
| id   =
| isbn =
| issn =
| oclc =
| pmid =
| pmc  =
| bibcode =
| doi =
| doi_inactivedate =
| zbl =
| url =
| accessdate  =
| format      =
| archiveurl  =
| archivedate =
| quote      =
| layurl =
| laysource  =
| laydate    =
| separator  = ,
| postscript =
| ref =
}}

Parameters

Syntax

COinS

Deprecated

The following parameters are deprecated. Their use will place the page into [[:Category:Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters:

  • day · month
Use date to include the day, month and year.
  • coauthor · coauthors
Use last# / first# or author or authors

Description

Authors

  • last: Surname of author. Do not wikilink—use authorlink instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: last1, author, authors, author1.
    • first: Given or first names of author, including title(s); for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use authorlink instead. Aliases: first1.
    • OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors. By default, if nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and "et al." will show in place of the last author. See the display parameters to change. Aliases: author1 through authorn.
  • authorlink: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: authorlink1, author-link, author1-link, author1link.
  • OR: for multiple authors, use authorlink1 through authorlinkn. Aliases: author1-link through authorn-link.
  • coauthors
(deprecated) Names of coauthors. Requires author, authors, or lastn Include coauthors in authors or use separate authorn or lastn/firstn to list coauthors.
  • others: To record other contributors to the work, such as Illustrated by John Smith or Translated by John Smith.
When using Help:Shortened footnotes|shortened footnotes or Wikipedia:Parenthetical referencing|parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

Editors

  • editor-last: Surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor1-last, editor, editors.
    • editor-first: Given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor1-first.
    • OR: for multiple editors, use editor1-last, editor1-first through editor4-last, editor4-first for up to four editors.
  • editor-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor1-link.
  • OR: for multiple editors, use editor1-link through editor4-link.
Display:
If authors: Authors are first, followed by the editors and the included work, then the main work.
If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds.";

</noinclude> more than three editors will be followed by "et al., eds."

Title

  • title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in italics.
    • trans_title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title; if url is defined, then trans_title is included in the link. Use of the language parameter is recommended.
Titles containing certain characters will display and link incorrectly unless those characters are encoded.
newline [ ] |
space &#91; &#93; &#124;
  • chapter: The chapter heading of the source. May be wikilinked or may use chapter-url, but not both. Displays in quotes.
    • trans_chapter: English translation of the chapter heading, if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after the chapter field; if chapter-url is defined, then trans_chapter is included in the link. Use of the language parameter is recommended.
  • type: Provides additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, CD liner, Press release.
  • language: The language the source is written in, if not English. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name. Use the full language name or ISO 639-1 code; use of ISO 639-1 also adds appropriate language categorization; do not use icons or templates.

Date

  • date: Date of source being referenced. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.[1]


Required when year is used to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher.
  • OR:
    • year: Year of source being referenced. Required with some types of {{sfn}} citations;[more] otherwise use date.
    • month
(deprecated) Name of the month or season of publication. Use date instead.
    • origyear: Original publication year; displays after the date or year. For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |origyear=First published 1859 or |origyear=Composed 1904.
  1. ^ Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. See: MOS:DATEUNIFY.

Periodical

  • work: Name of the source periodical; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays in italics. Aliases: journal, newspaper, magazine, periodical.
    • issue: When the publication is one of a series that is published periodically.
When set, work changes the formatting of other parameters:
title is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes.
chapter is italicized and is not enclosed in quotes.
location and publisher are enclosed in parentheses.
page and pages do not show p. or pp.
edition does not display.
type does not display.

Publisher

  • publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g., a book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, website). Not normally used for periodicals. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc" or "GmbH" are not usually included. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title; if work is defined, then publisher is enclosed in parentheses.
  • place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the location; examples: The Boston Globe, The Times of India. Displays after the title; if work is defined, then location is enclosed in parentheses. Alias: location
  • publication-place: If any one of publication-place, place or location are defined, then the location shows after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location are shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title.
  • publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if year or date are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.

Edition, series, volume

  • edition: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised" etc. Displays " ed." after this field, so |edition=2nd produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.
  • series or version: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted.
  • volume: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after the title and series fields; displays in bold— if bolding is not desired, then include the volume information in the title field.

In-source locations

  • page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Displays preceded by p. unless |nopp=y.
  • OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by pp. unless |nopp=y. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use |at=.
    • nopp: Set to y to suppress the p. or pp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover.
  • OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by |page= or |pages=. Use only one of |page=, |pages=, or |at=.
Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.

URL

  • url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon.com. See: WP:PAGELINKS.
    • accessdate: Full date when original URL was accessed; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.[1]


Do not wikilink. Not required for web pages or linked documents that do not change; mainly for use of web pages that change frequently or have no publication date. Can be Help:Citation Style 1/accessdate|hidden or styled by registered editors.
    • archiveurl: The URL of an Web archiving|archived copy of a web page, if or in case the url becomes unavailable. Typically used to refer to services like WebCite (see: Wikipedia:Using WebCite) and Internet Archive (see: Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine); requires archivedate.
      • archivedate: Date when the original URL was archived; preceded by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.[1]


Do not wikilink.
      • deadurl: When the URL is still live, but preemptively archived, then set |deadurl=no. This changes the display order with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end.
    • template doc demo: The archive parameters will be error checked to ensure that all the required parameters are included, or else {{citation error}}
is invoked. With errors, main, help and template pages are placed into :Category:Articles with incorrect citation syntax. Set |template doc demo=true to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated.
  • format: Format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. HTML is implied and should not be specified. Does not change the Help:External link icons|external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include Wikipedia:ALT|alt text; thus, they do not add format information for the visually impaired.
URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://, gopher://, irc://, ircs://, mailto: and news: will require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.
If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:
sp " ' < > [ ] | }
%20 %22 %27 %3c %3e %5b %5d %7c %7d
Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.
  1. ^ a b Accessdate and archivedate in references should all have the same format – either the format used for publication dates, or YYYY-MM-DD. See: MOS:DATEUNIFY.

Anchor

  • ref: ID for anchor. By default, anchors are always generated. The ordinary nonempty value |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID; such a linkable reference can be made the target of Wikipedia:Citing sources/Further considerations#Wikilinks to full references|wikilinks to full references]], especially useful in short citations like Wikipedia:Citing sources#Shortened footnotes|shortened notes]] and Wikipedia:Parenthetical referencing|parenthetical referencing]].

Identifiers

  • id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use a template as applicable.

These identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier.

Quote

  • quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes.

Laysummary

  • layurl: URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary". Aliases: laysummary.
    • laysource: Name of the source of the laysummary. Displays in italics and preceded by an endash.
    • laydate: Date of the summary. Displays in parentheses.

Display options

  • author-mask: Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text. Set author-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set author-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". You must still include the values for all authors for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references />
or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed.
  • author-name-separator: Controls the separator between last and first names; defaults to a comma and space (, ); if the parameter is present, but blank, separator punctuation is set to the default; a space must be encoded as &#32;.
  • author-separator: Controls the separator between authors; defaults to a semicolon and space (; ); if the parameter is present, but blank, separator punctuation is set to the default; a space must be encoded as &#32;.
  • display-authors: Controls the number of author names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of authors, set display-authors to the desired number. For example, |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation. By default, all authors are displayed except when there are nine authors, then the author list in the citation is truncated to eight authors, followed by "et al." This exception mimics the older version of the template for compatibility. If a citation contains nine author names and one wishes all nine author names to display, "et al." may be suppressed by setting |display-authors=9. Aliases: displayauthors.
  • display-editors: Controls the number of editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of editors, set display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors in a citation. By default, all editors are displayed except when there are four editors, then the editor list in the citation is truncated to three editors, followed by "et al." This exception mimics the older version of the template for compatibility. If a citation contains four editor names and one wishes all four editor names to display, "et al." may be suppressed by setting |display-editors=4. Aliases: displayeditors.
  • lastauthoramp: Switches the separator between the last two names of the author list to space ampersand space ( & ) when set to any value. Example: |lastauthoramp=yes
  • postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to none. Ignored if quote is defined.
  • separator: Controls the punctuation used to separate lists of authors, editors, etc. Defaults to a comma and space (, ); if the parameter is present, but blank, separator punctuation is set to the default; a space must be encoded as &#32;.

Subscription or registration required

main|WP:PAYWALL These parameters add a link note to the end of the citation:

  • registration: For online sources that require registration, set |registration=yes; superseded by subscription if both are set.
  • subscription: For online sources that require a subscription, set |subscription=yes; supersedes registration if both are set.

Examples

Books

Three authors, a volume, and an edition. Ampersand (&) forced before final author's name. 
{{Citation
| last1  = Lincoln
| first1 = A.
| last2  = Washington
| first2 = G.
| last3  = Adams
| first3 = J.
| lastauthoramp = yes
| title     = All the Presidents' Names
| publisher = The Pentagon
| place     = Home Base, New York
| volume  = XII
| edition = 2nd
| year    = 2007
}}
Lincoln, A.; Washington, G. & Adams, J. (2007), All the Presidents' Names, XII (2nd ed.), Home Base, New York: The Pentagon 

Web

Web page 
{{Citation
| url   = http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/
| title = NPS Focus
| work  = National Register of Historic Places
| publisher  = National Park Service
| accessdate = November 30, 2010
}}
"NPS Focus", National Register of Historic Places (National Park Service), http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/, retrieved on November 30, 2010 
Archived page 
{{Citation
| url = http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html
| title = Earth's Atmosphere
| accessdate = October 25, 2007
| publisher  = National Aeronautics and Space Administration
| year   = 1995
| author = NASA
| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071013232332/http://
liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html
| archivedate = October 13, 2007
}}
NASA (1995), Earth's Atmosphere, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Archived from the original on October 13, 2007, http://web.archive.org/web/20071013232332/http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html, retrieved on October 25, 2007 

Journals, newspapers, magazines, or other periodicals

Journal article 
{{Citation
| last  = Hill
| first = Marvin S.
| title = Joseph Smith and the 1826
Trial: New Evidence and New
Difficulties
| journal = BYU Studies
| volume  = 12
| issue   = 2
| year    = 1976
| pages   = 1–8
| url     = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf
}}
Hill, Marvin S. (1976), "Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties", BYU Studies 12 (2): 1–8, https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf 
Journal article with multiple authors and identifier 
{{Citation
| last1  = Mandelkern
| first1 = M,
| last2  = Elias
| first2 = J,
| last3  = Eden
| first3 = D,
| last4  = Crothers
| first4 = D
| display-authors = 2
| title   = The dimensions of DNA in solution
| journal = J Mol Biol
| volume  = 152
| issue   = 1
| pages   = 153–61
| year    = 1981
| pmid    = 7338906
| doi     = 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1
}}
Mandelkern, M,; Elias, J,; Eden, D,; Crothers, D (1981), "The dimensions of DNA in solution", J Mol Biol 152 (1): 153–61, doi:10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1, PMID 7338906 
Newspaper article 
{{Citation
| last  = Smith
| first = Joseph III
| author-link = Joseph Smith III
| title = Last Testimony of Sister Emma
| newspaper = The Saints' Herald
| publication-place = Plano, IL
| volume = 26
| issue  = 19
| date   = October 1, 1879
| year   = 1879
| page   = 289
| url    = http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/
IL/sain1872.htm#100179
}}
Smith, Joseph III (October 1, 1879), "Last Testimony of Sister Emma", The Saints' Herald (Plano, IL) 26 (19): 289, http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/IL/sain1872.htm#100179 
Conference paper 
{{Citation
| last  = Sullivan
| first = D.B.
| contribution = Time and frequency measurement
 at NIST: The first 100 years
| year  = 2001
| title = 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp.
| publisher = National Institute of Standards and Technology
| url       = http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1485.pdf
| format    = PDF
}}
Sullivan, D.B. (2001), "Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years" (PDF), 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp., National Institute of Standards and Technology, http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1485.pdf 

Parts of books, including encyclopedia articles

Manuscript published in an edited compilation 
{{Citation
| last  = Bidamon
| first = Emma Smith
| author-link = 
| chapter = Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim
| date = March 27, 1876
| year = 1876
| editor-last  = Vogel
| editor-first = Dan
| title  = Early Mormon Documents
| volume = 1
| publisher = Signature Books
| publication-date = 1996
| isbn = 1-56085-072-8
}}
Bidamon, Emma Smith (March 27, 1876), "Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim", in Vogel, Dan, Early Mormon Documents, 1, Signature Books, 1996, ISBN 1-56085-072-8 
Work with an editor but no author 
{{Citation
| editor-last  = Vogel
| editor-first = Dan
| title  = Early Mormon Documents
| volume = 1
| publisher = Signature Books
| publication-date = 1996
| isbn = 1-56085-072-8
}}
Vogel, Dan, ed. (1996), Early Mormon Documents, 1, Signature Books, ISBN 1-56085-072-8 
Encyclopedia article by a named author 
{{Citation
| last  = Kramer
| first = Martin
| author-link  = Martin Kramer
| contribution = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last  = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages  = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| place = London
| publication-date = 1999
| contribution-url = http://www.geocities.com/
martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm
}}
Kramer, Martin (1999), "Bernard Lewis", in Boyd, Kelley, Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 719–720 
Encyclopedia article with no named author 
{{Citation
| contribution = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Encyclopedia of Historians
and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| place = London
| year = 1999
| contribution-url = http://www.geocities.com/
martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm
}}
Boyd, Kelley, ed. (1999), "Bernard Lewis", Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 719–720 

Republications, or edited quotations in a periodical article

Manuscript edited and published in a journal 
{{Citation
| last = Knight
| first = Joseph, Sr.
| year = 1833
| editor-last = Jessee
| editor-first = Dean
| title = Joseph Knight's Recollection
of Early Mormon History
| journal = BYU Studies
| volume = 17
| issue = 1
| publication-date = 1976
| page = 35
| url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf
}}
 Knight, Joseph, Sr. (1833), Jessee, Dean, ed., "Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History", BYU Studies 17 (1): 35, 1976, https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf 
Manuscript written at one date and place, then published in a periodical at a different date and place with commentary by the editor. 
{{Citation
| last = Klingensmith
| first = Philip
| contribution = Affidavit
| year = 1872
| date = September 5, 1872
| place = Lincoln County, Nevada
| title = Mountain Meadows Massacre
| editor-last = Toohy
| editor-first = Dennis J.
| journal = Corinne Daily Reporter
| publication-date = September 24, 1872
| publication-place = Corinne, Utah
| volume = 5
| issue = 252
| page = 1
| contribution-url = http://udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359
}}
Klingensmith, Philip (September 5, 1872), Affidavit, written at Lincoln County, Nevada, in Toohy, Dennis J., "Mountain Meadows Massacre", Corinne Daily Reporter (Corinne, Utah) 5 (252): 1, September 24, 1872 

Press release

Press release with quotation 
{{Citation
| url = http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/04/05ipad.html
| title = Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day
| publisher = Apple Inc
| accessdate = April 10, 2010
| quote = in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3}}
Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day, Apple Inc, http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/04/05ipad.html, retrieved on April 10, 2010, "in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3" 

Citing patents

Parameters (all are optional)

{{Citation
| inventor-last =
| inventor-first =
| inventorlink =
| inventor2-last =
| inventor2-first =
| inventorlink2 =
| publication-date =
| issue-date =
| title =
| country-code =
| description =
| patent-number =
| ref =
}}
  • inventor-last (or inventor1-last): The inventor's surname or last name.
  • inventor-first (or inventor1-first): The inventor's first or given name(s).
  • inventorlink (or inventorlink1): Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the first inventor.
  • inventor2-last, inventor3-last, inventor4-last: The second, third, and fourth authors' surname or last name, if applicable.
  • inventor2-first, inventor3-first, inventor4-first: The second, third, and fourth inventors' first or given name(s), if applicable.
  • inventorlink2, inventorlink3, inventorlink4: Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the second, third, and fourth inventor, if applicable.
  • publication-date: Date of publication or filing.
  • issue-date (or date): Date patent was issued by patent agency.
  • title: Title of the patent. If the title includes [square brackets], these must be encoded as "&#91;" for "[" and "&#93;" for "]"
  • country-code: ISO 3166-1 alpha-2|Two-letter abbreviation of the country issuing the patent.
  • description: Type of patent; shown between country code and number.
  • patent-number: The number of the patent.
  • ref: Anchor id.

Examples

United States patent with multiple inventors 
{{Citation
| inventor1-last = Degermark
| inventor1-first = Mikael
| inventor2-last = Brodnik
| inventor2-first = Andrej
| inventor3-last = Carlsson
| inventor3-first = Svante
| inventor4-last = Pink
| inventor4-first = Stephen
| title = Fast routing lookup system
using complete prefix tree, bit vector,
and pointers in a routing table for
determining where to route IP datagrams
| issue-date = 2001
| patent-number = 6266706
| country-code = US}}
US 6266706, Degermark, Mikael; Andrej Brodnik & Svante Carlsson et al., "Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, and pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams", issued 2001 

Anchored citations

This template can generate a citation that can be combined with WP:CITESHORT|shortened footnotes or Wikipedia:Parenthetical referencing|parenthetical referencing. It does this by creating an HTML element#Anchor|HTML anchor containing an ID. The special parameter |ref=harv generates an ID suitable for Harvard referencing]] templates such as {{harv}} 

as specified in the next section; this is the default for the {{citation}}

template. To disable anchor generation, specify |ref=none – leaving |ref= empty has the same effect but is ambiguous; this is the default for the Cite templates such as {{cite book}}

and {{cite news}}

. You can also specify the ID directly, using the |ref=ID parameter. For example, suppose an article's References section contains the markup:

  • {{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=Civilization and Its Discontents |year=1930 |ref=CivDis}}

which generates the citation:

  • Sigmund Freud (1930), Civilization and Its Discontents 

Then, the markup "(#CivDis|Freud 1930)" generates a parenthetical reference "(#CivDis|Freud 193])" containing a wikilink to the citation (try clicking on the wikilink).

Anchors for Harvard referencing templates

IDs compatible with Harvard referencing templates such as {{harv}} 

are computed from the last names of the authors and the year of the cited source. For example, the markup "{{harv|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}" generates the Harvard reference "Script error: No such module "Footnotes".

", which wikilinks to the citation whose markup and appearance are shown below:

  • {{Citation |last1=Wright |first1=Thomas |last2=Evans |first2=R. H. |title=Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray |location=London |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |year=1851 |oclc=59510372}}
  • Wright, Thomas; Evans, R. H. (1851), Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray, London: Henry G. Bohn, OCLC 59510372 

In this example the {{citation}} 

template defines, and the {{harv}}

template uses, the HTML ID "CITEREFWrightEvans1851", composed by concatenating the string "CITEREF" with the last names of the authors and the year. The {{harvid}}

template can be used to generate such IDs, for example, {{harvid|Wright|Evans|1851}} generates "CITEREFWrightEvans1851".

Related methods which leave only a number in the text are to use the {{harvnb}} 

template enclosed in the <ref></ref> html code, or to use the {{sfn}}

template alone. The example above would be <ref>{{harvnb|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}</ref> or {{sfn|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}} both of which generate a footnote, such as
17. Wright & Evans 1851, p. ix

The names of only the first four authors are used; other author names are not concatenated to the ID. If no author names are given, editor names are used instead. For #Citing patents|patents, inventor names are used instead of authors or editors. If these names are not given, this template does not generate an anchor.

Last names are used, as specified by the parameters |last1= (or |last=), |last2=, |last3=, and |last4=, and similarly for |editor1-last= etc. and for |inventor1-last= etc. If a full name is given but no last name is specified, this template falls back on the full name, but this usage is not recommended. For example, in "{{Citation | author = Sigmund Freud | title = The Ego and the Id | year = 1923}}" no last name is given, so this citation cannot be combined with the Harvard reference "{{harv|Freud|1923}}". To make these {{citation}} 

and {{harv}}

invocations compatible, either replace "|author=Sigmund Freud" with "|first=Sigmund |last=Freud", or add "|ref={{harvid|Freud|1923}}" to the {{citation}}

invocation, or add the same ref parameter (say, "|ref=EgoId") to both the {{citation}}

and the {{harv}}

invocations.

Similarly, the year is used, as specified by |year=. If no year is given, this template attempts to derive the year from |date= (or, if no date is given, from |publication-date=) by applying the mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##time|MediaWiki#time function. This heuristic works with many common date formats (American, International and ISO 8601#Calendar dates|ISO 8601 standard format YYYY-MM-DD as listed in WP:MO]), but may not work as expected with other formats, so when in doubt it may be safer to use |year=. Note that if only a year, say 2005, is known you must use |year=2005 rather than |date=2005.

IDs must be unique

Names, years, and hand-specified IDs must be chosen so that the IDs are unique within a page; otherwise the HTML will not conform to the W3C standards, and any references to the citations will not work reliably. For example, suppose a page contains the following two citations with {{harv}}

-compatible IDs:


If these citations were altered to say "2008" rather than "2008a" and "2008b", the resulting page would not work, because the two different citations would both attempt to use the ID "CITEREFMontesHalterman2008". To avoid this problem, distinguish the citations by appending suffixes to the years, e.g., "|year=2008a" and "|year=2008b", as was done above. Any Harvard references to these citations should use years with the same suffixes.

It is good practice to verify that a page does not contain duplicate IDs by using the W3C Markup Validation Service; see #External links|External links.

Dates

Reflist|group="n"|refs=[n 1]

Tools

See Wikipedia:Citing sources#Citation templates and tools for a list of tools that can help create a reference in the "citation" format.

Template Data

This template data section needs to be edited. It includes deprecated parameters and does not include parameters that were added in the Lua updates. It also includes a mix of patent and non-patent parameters.


The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, patent, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.

Template parameters

ParameterDescriptionTypeStatus
author surnamelast

surname of the author of the cited material

Stringoptional
author given namefirst

given name (first name) of the author of the cited material

Stringoptional
title of sourcetitle

Title of source; displays in italics.

Stringoptional
date of sourcedate

Full date of source being referenced in the same format as other publication dates in the citations.[1] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher.

Stringoptional
url of sourceurl

URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found.

Stringoptional
11

Stringoptional
22

Stringoptional
33

Stringoptional
inventor-surnameinventor-surname

Stringoptional
inventor1-surnameinventor1-surname

Stringoptional
inventor-lastinventor-last

Stringoptional
inventor1-lastinventor1-last

Stringoptional
inventorinventor

Stringoptional
invent1invent1

Stringoptional
invent-1invent-1

Stringoptional
country-codecountry-code

Stringoptional
inventor2-surnameinventor2-surname

Stringoptional
inventor2-lastinventor2-last

Stringoptional
inventor2inventor2

Stringoptional
invent2invent2

Stringoptional
inventor3-surnameinventor3-surname

Stringoptional
inventor3-lastinventor3-last

Stringoptional
inventor3inventor3

Stringoptional
invent3invent3

Stringoptional
inventor4-surnameinventor4-surname

Stringoptional
inventor4-lastinventor4-last

Stringoptional
inventor4inventor4

Stringoptional
invent4invent4

Stringoptional
inventor-giveninventor-given

Stringoptional
inventor1-giveninventor1-given

Stringoptional
inventor-firstinventor-first

Stringoptional
inventor1-firstinventor1-first

Stringoptional
inventor2-giveninventor2-given

Stringoptional
inventor2-firstinventor2-first

Stringoptional
inventor3-giveninventor3-given

Stringoptional
inventor3-firstinventor3-first

Stringoptional
inventor4-giveninventor4-given

Stringoptional
inventor4-firstinventor4-first

Stringoptional
inventorlink1inventorlink1

Stringoptional
inventorlinkinventorlink

Stringoptional
inventorlink2inventorlink2

Stringoptional
inventorlink3inventorlink3

Stringoptional
inventorlink4inventorlink4

Stringoptional
countrycountry

Stringoptional
publication-numberpublication-number

Stringoptional
patent-numberpatent-number

Stringoptional
numbernumber

Stringoptional
descriptiondescription

Stringoptional
statusstatus

Stringoptional
publication-datepublication-date

Stringoptional
pubdatepubdate

Stringoptional
issue-dateissue-date

Stringoptional
gdategdate

Stringoptional
yearyear

Stringoptional
fdatefdate

Stringoptional
pridatepridate

Stringoptional
assign1assign1

Stringoptional
assign2assign2

Stringoptional
refref

Stringoptional
separatorseparator

Stringoptional
seperatorseperator

Stringoptional
quotequote

Stringoptional
postscriptpostscript

Stringoptional
author-separatorauthor-separator

Stringoptional
author-maskauthor-mask

Stringoptional
authormaskauthormask

Stringoptional
surnamesurname

Stringoptional
last1last1

Stringoptional
surname1surname1

Stringoptional
author1author1

Stringoptional
authorauthor

Stringoptional
authorsauthors

Stringoptional
last2last2

Stringoptional
surname2surname2

Stringoptional
author2author2

Stringoptional
last3last3

Stringoptional
surname3surname3

Stringoptional
author3author3

Stringoptional
last4last4

Stringoptional
surname4surname4

Stringoptional
author4author4

Stringoptional
last5last5

Stringoptional
surname5surname5

Stringoptional
author5author5

Stringoptional
last6last6

Stringoptional
surname6surname6

Stringoptional
author6author6

Stringoptional
last7last7

Stringoptional
surname7surname7

Stringoptional
author7author7

Stringoptional
last8last8

Stringoptional
surname8surname8

Stringoptional
author8author8

Stringoptional
last9last9

Stringoptional
surname9surname9

Stringoptional
author9author9

Stringoptional
first1first1

Stringoptional
given1given1

Stringoptional
givengiven

Stringoptional
first2first2

Stringoptional
given2given2

Stringoptional
first3first3

Stringoptional
given3given3

Stringoptional
first4first4

Stringoptional
given4given4

Stringoptional
first5first5

Stringoptional
given5given5

Stringoptional
first6first6

Stringoptional
given6given6

Stringoptional
first7first7

Stringoptional
given7given7

Stringoptional
first8first8

Stringoptional
given8given8

Stringoptional
first9first9

Stringoptional
given9given9

Stringoptional
author-linkauthor-link

Stringoptional
author1-linkauthor1-link

Stringoptional
authorlinkauthorlink

Stringoptional
authorlink1authorlink1

Stringoptional
author2-linkauthor2-link

Stringoptional
authorlink2authorlink2

Stringoptional
author3-linkauthor3-link

Stringoptional
authorlink3authorlink3

Stringoptional
author4-linkauthor4-link

Stringoptional
authorlink4authorlink4

Stringoptional
author5-linkauthor5-link

Stringoptional
authorlink5authorlink5

Stringoptional
author6-linkauthor6-link

Stringoptional
authorlink6authorlink6

Stringoptional
author7-linkauthor7-link

Stringoptional
authorlink7authorlink7

Stringoptional
author8-linkauthor8-link

Stringoptional
authorlink8authorlink8

Stringoptional
author9-linkauthor9-link

Stringoptional
authorlink9authorlink9

Stringoptional
coauthorcoauthor

Stringoptional
coauthorscoauthors

Stringoptional
origyearorigyear

Stringoptional
monthmonth

Stringoptional
trans_chaptertrans_chapter

Stringoptional
trans_titletrans_title

Stringoptional
typetype

Stringoptional
archiveurlarchiveurl

Stringoptional
deadurldeadurl

Stringoptional
seriesseries

Stringoptional
versionversion

Stringoptional
journaljournal

Stringoptional
periodicalperiodical

Stringoptional
newspapernewspaper

Stringoptional
magazinemagazine

Stringoptional
workwork

Stringoptional
volumevolume

Stringoptional
issueissue

Stringoptional
pagespages

Stringoptional
pagepage

Stringoptional
atat

Stringoptional
noppnopp

Stringoptional
chapterchapter

Stringoptional
contributioncontribution

Stringoptional
chapter-urlchapter-url

Stringoptional
chapterurlchapterurl

Stringoptional
contribution-urlcontribution-url

Stringoptional
othersothers

Stringoptional
editionedition

Stringoptional
placeplace

Stringoptional
locationlocation

Stringoptional
publication-placepublication-place

Stringoptional
publisherpublisher

Stringoptional
editor-lasteditor-last

Stringoptional
editor-surnameeditor-surname

Stringoptional
editor1-lasteditor1-last

Stringoptional
editor1-surnameeditor1-surname

Stringoptional
editor1editor1

Stringoptional
editoreditor

Stringoptional
editorseditors

Stringoptional
editor2-lasteditor2-last

Stringoptional
editor2-surnameeditor2-surname

Stringoptional
editor2editor2

Stringoptional
editor3-lasteditor3-last

Stringoptional
editor3-surnameeditor3-surname

Stringoptional
editor3editor3

Stringoptional
editor4-lasteditor4-last

Stringoptional
editor4-surnameeditor4-surname

Stringoptional
editor4editor4

Stringoptional
editor-firsteditor-first

Stringoptional
editor-giveneditor-given

Stringoptional
editor1-firsteditor1-first

Stringoptional
editor1-giveneditor1-given

Stringoptional
editor2-firsteditor2-first

Stringoptional
editor2-giveneditor2-given

Stringoptional
editor3-firsteditor3-first

Stringoptional
editor3-giveneditor3-given

Stringoptional
editor4-firsteditor4-first

Stringoptional
editor4-giveneditor4-given

Stringoptional
editor-linkeditor-link

Stringoptional
editor1-linkeditor1-link

Stringoptional
editor2-linkeditor2-link

Stringoptional
editor3-linkeditor3-link

Stringoptional
editor4-linkeditor4-link

Stringoptional
languagelanguage

Stringoptional
inin

Stringoptional
formatformat

Stringoptional
arxivarxiv

Stringoptional
asinasin

Stringoptional
ASINASIN

Stringoptional
asin-tldasin-tld

Stringoptional
bibcodebibcode

Stringoptional
doidoi

Stringoptional
DOIDOI

Stringoptional
doi_inactivedatedoi_inactivedate

Stringoptional
doi_brokendatedoi_brokendate

Stringoptional
isbnisbn

Stringoptional
ISBNISBN

Stringoptional
issnissn

Stringoptional
ISSNISSN

Stringoptional
jfmjfm

Stringoptional
JFMJFM

Stringoptional
jstorjstor

Stringoptional
JSTORJSTOR

Stringoptional
lccnlccn

Stringoptional
LCCNLCCN

Stringoptional
mrmr

Stringoptional
MRMR

Stringoptional
oclcoclc

Stringoptional
OCLCOCLC

Stringoptional
olol

Stringoptional
OLOL

Stringoptional
ostiosti

Stringoptional
OSTIOSTI

Stringoptional
pmcpmc

Stringoptional
PMCPMC

Stringoptional
pmidpmid

Stringoptional
PMIDPMID

Stringoptional
rfcrfc

Stringoptional
RFCRFC

Stringoptional
ssrnssrn

Stringoptional
SSRNSSRN

Stringoptional
zblzbl

Stringoptional
idid

Stringoptional
IDID

Stringoptional
access-dateaccess-date

Stringoptional
accessdateaccessdate

Stringoptional
laysummarylaysummary

Stringoptional
laysourcelaysource

Stringoptional
laydatelaydate

Stringoptional
author-name-separatorauthor-name-separator

Stringoptional
lastauthoramplastauthoramp

Stringoptional
display-authorsdisplay-authors

Stringoptional
archivedatearchivedate

Stringoptional

{{UF-COins

{{Wikipedia referencing
Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "n", but no corresponding <references group="n"/> tag was found

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