GMS:Borehole Cross Sections: Difference between revisions

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A borehole cross section is a set of polylines and polygons that define the stratigraphy between two boreholes. A borehole cross section can be created manually or automatically.
A borehole cross section is a set of polylines and polygons that define the stratigraphy between two boreholes. A borehole cross section can be created manually or automatically.
==Creation==
==Creation==
===Automatic creation===
Cross sections can be created either automatically or manually.
Cross sections can be created automatically using the '''''Boreholes|Auto-Create Blank Cross Sections''''' menu command. This uses a triangulation process to determine the most likely connections between boreholes. The top and/or bottom arcs of the new cross sections can be warped to match the elevation of [[GMS:TIN Module|TIN]] surfaces using the ''Snap Cross Sections to TIN'' dialog which appears when the ''Boreholes|Auto-Create Blank Cross Sections'' command is executed. Snapping the tops and bottoms of cross sections to TIN surfaces can also be done at any time via the '''''Boreholes|Advanced|Snap Cross Sections to TIN''''' menu command. Keep in mind, however, that warping the top and bottom of a cross section may interfere with the internal polygons that are defined in the cross section, so snapping to a TIN is best done before filling in the cross sections.
===Automatic Creation===
Cross sections can be created automatically using the ''Boreholes'' | '''Auto-Create Blank Cross Sections''' menu command. This uses a triangulation process to determine the most likely connections between boreholes. The top and/or bottom arcs of the new cross sections can be warped to match the elevation of [[GMS:TIN Module|TIN]] surfaces using the ''Snap Cross Sections to TIN'' dialog which appears when the ''Boreholes'' | '''Auto-Create Blank Cross Sections''' command is executed. Snapping the tops and bottoms of cross sections to TIN surfaces can also be done at any time via the ''Boreholes'' | ''Advanced'' | '''Snap Cross Sections to TIN''' menu command. Keep in mind, however, that warping the top and bottom of a cross section may interfere with the internal polygons that are defined in the cross section, so snapping to a TIN is best done before filling in the cross sections.
:[[File:Snap Cross Sections to TIN.png|thumb|none|400 px|The ''Snap Cross Sections to TIN'' dialog]]


===Manual creation===
===Manual Creation===
Cross sections can be created manually by using the [[GMS:Borehole Tool Palette|Create Cross Section]] tool and clicking on boreholes.
Cross sections can be created manually by using the [[GMS:Borehole Tool Palette|'''Create Cross Section''']] tool and clicking on boreholes.


==Editing==
==Editing==
When a borehole cross section is first created, it is made up of a set of default lines. The figure below shows a default cross section. Notice that "arcs" (polylines) have been created defining the top and bottom of the cross section and an "arc" (polyline) has been created for each segment in the boreholes.  
When a borehole cross section is first created, it is made up of a set of default lines. The figure below shows a default cross section. Notice that "arcs" (polylines) have been created defining the top and bottom of the cross section and an arc (polyline) has been created for each segment in the boreholes.  


[[Image:Xsect_Blank.png|none|thumb|500px|Default cross section]]
:[[Image:Xsect_Blank.png|none|thumb|400px|Default cross section]]


===Automatic editing===
===Automatic Editing===
The '''''Boreholes|Auto-Fill Blank Cross Sections''''' menu command can be used to automatically fill in all existing blank cross sections. The command can use either the [[GMS:Horizons|horizon]] IDs (preferred) or materials information on the boreholes.
[[File:Auto-Fill Cross Sections.png|thumb|250 px|The ''Auto-Fill Cross Sections'' dialog]]
The ''Boreholes ''| '''Auto-Fill Blank Cross Sections''' menu command can be used to automatically fill in all existing blank cross sections. The command can use either the [[GMS:Horizons|horizon]] IDs (preferred) or materials information on the boreholes.


===Manual editing===
===Manual Editing===
To edit a cross section manually, the user must use the [[GMS:Borehole Tool Palette|Select Cross Section]] tool and select a cross section. The ''Cross Section Editor'' dialog can be then opened by selecting the '''''Cross Section Editor''''' command from the ''Borehole'' menu while the user has either a single or a series of cross sections selected. The user can also launch the Cross Section Editor dialog by double-clicking on a single cross section. The next figure shows a finished cross section.
To edit a cross section manually, use the [[GMS:Borehole Tool Palette|'''Select Cross Section''']] tool and select a cross section. The ''Cross Section Editor'' dialog can be then opened by selecting the '''Cross Section Editor''' command from the ''Borehole'' menu while either a single or a series of cross sections selected. It is also possible to launch the ''Cross Section Editor'' dialog by double-clicking on a single cross section. The next figure shows a finished cross section.


[[Image:Xsect_Sample.png|none|thumb|500px|Complete cross section]]
:[[Image:Xsect_Sample.png|none|thumb|400px|Complete cross section]]
 
===Restrictions===
GMS imposes the following restrictions on cross sections that should be kept in mind when editing:
#All polygons must be connected to boreholes
#All arcs must connect to borehole contacts


==Borehole Cross Section Editor==
==Borehole Cross Section Editor==
The Cross Section Editor can be used to manually construct and view cross sections between boreholes. The Cross Section Editor in GMS 6.5 has been updated to allow for the display and editing of multiple borehole cross sections. The Cross Section Editor has a set of tools and toggles used to create, edit, and view the cross sections. The tools used to create the nodes, polylines, and polygons are similar to the tools available in the [[GMS:Map Module|Map module]] used to create feature objects (points, arcs, and polygons). The following tables describe the tools and display options available in the Cross Section Editor.
The ''Cross Section Editor'' can be used to manually construct and view cross sections between boreholes. The ''Cross Section Editor'' in GMS 6.5 has been updated to allow for the display and editing of multiple borehole cross sections. The ''Cross Section Editor'' has a set of tools and options used to create, edit, and view the cross sections. The tools used to create the nodes, polylines, and polygons are similar to the tools available in the [[GMS:Map Module|Map module]] used to create feature objects (points, arcs, and polygons). The following tables describe the tools and display options available in the ''Cross Section Editor''.
:[[File:GMS Cross Section Editor.png|thumb|none|600 px|The ''Cross Section Editor'' dialog]]


=== Tools ===
=== Tools ===
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! Tool !! width = "125" | Tool Name !! Description
! Tool !! width = "125" | Tool Name !! Description
|-
|-
| align = "center" | [[Image:Tool_Select.gif]] || Select Tool || Generic selection tool that selects nodes, vertices, arcs, and polygons
| align = "center" | [[File:Select Object Tool.svg|8 px]] || '''Select Tool''' || Generic selection tool that selects nodes, vertices, arcs, and polygons
|-
|-
| align = "center" | [[Image:Tool_SelectNode.gif]] || Select Point/Node || Selection tool that will only select points or nodes
| align = "center" | [[File:GMS Select Node Tool.svg|16 px]] || '''Select Point/Node''' || Selection tool that will only select points or nodes
|-
|-
| align = "center" | [[Image:Tool_SelectVertex.gif]] || Select Vertex || Selection tool that will only select vertices
| align = "center" | [[File:GMS Select Vertex Tool.svg|16 px]] || '''Select Vertex''' || Selection tool that will only select vertices
|-
|-
| align = "center" | [[Image:Tool_SelectArc.gif]] || Select Arc || Selection tool that will only select arcs
| align = "center" | [[File:GMS Select Arc Tool.svg|16 px]] || '''Select Arc''' || Selection tool that will only select arcs
|-
|-
| align = "center" | [[Image:Tool_SelectPoly.gif]] || Select Polygon || Selection tool that will only select polygons
| align = "center" | [[File:GMS Select Polygon Tool.svg|16 px]] || '''Select Polygon''' || Selection tool that will only select polygons
|-
|-
| align = "center" | [[Image:Tool_CreateVertex.gif]] || Create Vertex || Creates new vertices along arcs within the cross section
| align = "center" | [[File:GMS Create Vertex.svg|16 px]] || '''Create Vertex''' || Creates new vertices along arcs within the cross section
|-
|-
| align = "center" | [[Image:Tool_CreateArc.gif]] || Create Arc || Creates arcs between two nodes or vertices within the cross section
| align = "center" | [[File:GMS Create Arc Tool.svg|16 px]] || '''Create Arc''' || Creates arcs between two nodes or vertices within the cross section
|-
|-
| align = "center" | [[Image:Tool_Pan.GIF]] || Pan || Pans in the viewing area of the Graphics Window
| align = "center" | [[File:Pan Tool.svg|16 px]] || '''Pan''' || Pans in the viewing area of the Graphics Window
|-
|-
| align = "center" | [[Image:Tool_Zoom.GIF]] || Zoom || Magnifies or shrinks the current viewing area
| align = "center" | [[File:Zoom Tool Icon.svg|16 px]] || '''Zoom''' || Magnifies or shrinks the current viewing area
|-
|-
| align = "center" | [[Image:Tool_FrameAllXSects.GIF]] || Frame All Cross Sections || Frames to the extents of all the cross sections
| align = "center" | [[File:Borehole Frame All Cross Sections Tool.svg|16 px]] || '''Frame All Cross Sections''' || Frames to the extents of all the cross sections
|-
|-
| align = "center" | [[Image:Tool_FrameCurrentXSect.GIF]] || Frame Current Cross Section || Frames to the extents of the current cross section
| align = "center" | [[File:Borehole Frame Current Cross Section Tool.svg|16 px]] || '''Frame Current Cross Section''' || Frames to the extents of the current cross section
|-
|-
| align = "center" | [[Image:Tool_ZMagnification.GIF]] || Z-Magnification || Adjusts the Z-Magnification factor to increase or decrease the graphical display along the Y (real world Z) axis, making more or less room at the top and bottom of the screen while maintaining the boreholes and cross sections in the middle of the screen
| align = "center" | [[File:Borehole Z-Magnification Tool.svg|16 px]] || '''Z-Magnification''' || Adjusts the Z-Magnification factor to increase or decrease the graphical display along the Y (real world Z) axis, making more or less room at the top and bottom of the screen while maintaining the boreholes and cross sections in the middle of the screen
|-
|-
| align = "center" | [[Image:Tool_PlotOptions.GIF]] || Plot Options || Adjusts the axes plot options, including: title, background color, font, font color, grid display, axes titles, and axes display
| align = "center" | [[File:Borehole Plot Options Tool.svg|16 px]] || '''Plot Options''' || Opens the [[GMS:Plot Options Dialog|''Plot Options'']] dialog. The dialog has tools for adjusting the axes plot options, including: title, background color, font, font color, grid display, axes titles, and axes display
|-
|-
| align = "center" | [[Image:Tool_Delete.GIF]] || Delete || Deletes the currently selected vertices, nodes, arcs, or polygons
| align = "center" | [[File:GMS Delete Icon.svg|14 px]] || '''Delete''' || Deletes the currently selected vertices, nodes, arcs, or polygons
|-
|-
| align = "center" | [[Image:Tool_Left.GIF]] || Left || Activates the cross section to the left of the current cross section as the current cross section
| align = "center" | [[File:Borehole Left Tool.svg|16 px]] || '''Left''' || Activates the cross section to the left of the current cross section as the current cross section
|-
|-
| align = "center" | [[Image:Tool_Right.GIF]] || Right || Activates the cross section to the right of the current cross section as the current cross section
| align = "center" | [[File:Borehole Right Tool.svg|16 px]] || '''Right''' || Activates the cross section to the right of the current cross section as the current cross section
|-
|-
| align = "center" | [[Image:Tool_Print.GIF]] || Print || Prints the current Graphics Window
| align = "center" | [[File:Print Icon.svg|16 px]] || '''Print''' || Prints the current Graphics Window
|-
|-
| align = "center" | [[Image:Tool_AutoMatch.GIF]] || Auto-Match Cross Section || Creates a set of straight arcs connecting matching contacts on adjacent boreholes based on the user's selection to use Horizons or Materials
| align = "center" | [[File:Borehole Auto Match Cross Section Tool.svg|16 px]] || '''Auto-Match Cross Section''' || Creates a set of straight arcs connecting matching contacts on adjacent boreholes based on the selection to use Horizons or Materials
|-
|-
| align = "center" | [[Image:Tool_CreatePoly.GIF]] || Build Cross Section Polygons || Deletes all current polygons, builds new polygons using all of the arcs, and checks to see if every polygon built is valid. A polygon is valid only if it contains either one arc representing a borehole region or two arcs representing two matching borehole regions on two holes. Thus, every valid polygon can be assigned one and only one material type. If every polygon built is valid, the Color Fill toggle will be automatically turned on and all polygons built will be filled with the color representing the material they are assigned. Otherwise, a dialog saying "Invalid polygons present" will pop up and all polygons built will be deleted.  
| align = "center" | [[File:Borehole Build Cross Section Polygons Tool.svg|16 px]] || '''Build Cross Section Polygons''' || Deletes all current polygons, builds new polygons using all of the arcs, and checks to see if every polygon built is valid. A polygon is valid only if it contains either one arc representing a borehole region or two arcs representing two matching borehole regions on two holes. Thus, every valid polygon can be assigned one and only one material type. If every polygon built is valid, the Color Fill toggle will be automatically turned on and all polygons built will be filled with the color representing the material they are assigned. Otherwise, a dialog saying "Invalid polygons present" will pop up and all polygons built will be deleted.  
|-
|-
| align = "center" | [[Image:Tool_DeleteAll.GIF]] || Delete All || Deletes all of the vertices, nodes, arcs, and polygons in the current cross section
| align = "center" | [[File:Borehole Delete All Cross Sections Tool.svg|16 px]] || '''Delete All''' || Deletes all of the vertices, nodes, arcs, and polygons in the current cross section
|}
|}
====Tool Options====
Some tools in the ''Cross Section Editor'' contain right-click options. These include:
* '''Select Point/Node''' [[File:GMS Select Node Tool.svg|16 px]] has the following right-click commands:
** '''Node to Vertices''' – Converts the selected node to a vertex.
* '''Select Vertex''' [[File:GMS Select Vertex Tool.svg|16 px]] has the following right-click commands:
** '''Vertices to Nodes''' – Converts the selected vertex to a node.
* '''Select Arc''' [[File:GMS Select Arc Tool.svg|16 px]] has the following right-click commands:
** '''Redistribute Vertices''' – Opens the ''Redistribute Vertices'' dialog where the distribution of the vertices on the arc can be adjusted.
** '''Tin to Arc''' – Allows selecting a TIN in the project in order to interpolate the TIN elevations to the arc.
** '''Raster to Arc''' – Allows selecting a raster in the project in order to interpolate the raster elevations to the arc.


=== Display Options ===
=== Display Options ===
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! Display Toggle !! Description
! Display Toggle !! Description
|-
|-
| align = "center" | Nodes || Controls the display of the nodes in the graphics window
| align = "center" | ''Nodes'' || Controls the display of the nodes in the graphics window
|-
| align = "center" | ''Vertices'' || Controls the display of the vertices in the graphics window
|-
| align = "center" | ''Arcs''|| Controls the display of the arcs in the graphics window
|-
|-
| align = "center" | Vertices || Controls the display of the vertices in the graphics window
| align = "center" | ''Boreholes'' || Controls the display of the arcs in the graphics window
|-
|-
| align = "center" | Arcs|| Controls the display of the arcs in the graphics window
| align = "center" | ''Poly fill'' || Controls the display of the polygons in the graphics window
|-
|-
| align = "center" | Boreholes || Controls the display of the arcs in the graphics window
| align = "center" | ''Mirror view'' || Reverses the order in which the cross sections are displayed
|-
|-
| align = "center" | Poly fill || Controls the display of the polygons in the graphics window
| align = "center" | ''Mark inactive'' || Dims the inactive cross sections
|-
|-
| align = "center" | Mirror view || Reverses the order in which the cross sections are displayed
| align = "center" | ''Display axes'' || Controls the display of the plot axes in the graphics window
|-
|-
| align = "center" | Mark inactive || Dims the inactive cross sections
| align = "center" | ''Axes behind''  || When checked, the axes are drawn behind the cross section. When unchecked, the axes are drawn on top of the cross section.
|-
|-
| align = "center" | Display axes || Controls the display of the plot axes in the graphics window
| align = "center" | ''Material legend''  || Controls the display of the material legend
|}
|}




{{Navbox GMS}}
{{Navbox GMS}}
[[Category:Boreholes]]
[[Category:Boreholes|Cross]]
[[Category:Stratigraphy]]
[[Category:Stratigraphy|Cross]]
[[Category:Borehole Dialogs|Cross]]
[[Category:Cross Sections]]

Latest revision as of 20:29, 20 February 2023

Boreholes Module
Holes1.png
Boreholes Links
Creating and Editing Boreholes
Borehole Hydrogeologic Units
Converting Borehole Data
More
Borehole Cross Sections
Borehole Display Options
Borehole Tool Palette
Borehole Commands
v • e

A borehole cross section is a set of polylines and polygons that define the stratigraphy between two boreholes. A borehole cross section can be created manually or automatically.

Creation

Cross sections can be created either automatically or manually.

Automatic Creation

Cross sections can be created automatically using the Boreholes | Auto-Create Blank Cross Sections menu command. This uses a triangulation process to determine the most likely connections between boreholes. The top and/or bottom arcs of the new cross sections can be warped to match the elevation of TIN surfaces using the Snap Cross Sections to TIN dialog which appears when the Boreholes | Auto-Create Blank Cross Sections command is executed. Snapping the tops and bottoms of cross sections to TIN surfaces can also be done at any time via the Boreholes | Advanced | Snap Cross Sections to TIN menu command. Keep in mind, however, that warping the top and bottom of a cross section may interfere with the internal polygons that are defined in the cross section, so snapping to a TIN is best done before filling in the cross sections.

The Snap Cross Sections to TIN dialog

Manual Creation

Cross sections can be created manually by using the Create Cross Section tool and clicking on boreholes.

Editing

When a borehole cross section is first created, it is made up of a set of default lines. The figure below shows a default cross section. Notice that "arcs" (polylines) have been created defining the top and bottom of the cross section and an arc (polyline) has been created for each segment in the boreholes.

Default cross section

Automatic Editing

The Auto-Fill Cross Sections dialog

The Boreholes | Auto-Fill Blank Cross Sections menu command can be used to automatically fill in all existing blank cross sections. The command can use either the horizon IDs (preferred) or materials information on the boreholes.

Manual Editing

To edit a cross section manually, use the Select Cross Section tool and select a cross section. The Cross Section Editor dialog can be then opened by selecting the Cross Section Editor command from the Borehole menu while either a single or a series of cross sections selected. It is also possible to launch the Cross Section Editor dialog by double-clicking on a single cross section. The next figure shows a finished cross section.

Complete cross section

Restrictions

GMS imposes the following restrictions on cross sections that should be kept in mind when editing:

  1. All polygons must be connected to boreholes
  2. All arcs must connect to borehole contacts

Borehole Cross Section Editor

The Cross Section Editor can be used to manually construct and view cross sections between boreholes. The Cross Section Editor in GMS 6.5 has been updated to allow for the display and editing of multiple borehole cross sections. The Cross Section Editor has a set of tools and options used to create, edit, and view the cross sections. The tools used to create the nodes, polylines, and polygons are similar to the tools available in the Map module used to create feature objects (points, arcs, and polygons). The following tables describe the tools and display options available in the Cross Section Editor.

The Cross Section Editor dialog

Tools

Tool Tool Name Description
Select Object Tool.svg Select Tool Generic selection tool that selects nodes, vertices, arcs, and polygons
GMS Select Node Tool.svg Select Point/Node Selection tool that will only select points or nodes
GMS Select Vertex Tool.svg Select Vertex Selection tool that will only select vertices
GMS Select Arc Tool.svg Select Arc Selection tool that will only select arcs
GMS Select Polygon Tool.svg Select Polygon Selection tool that will only select polygons
GMS Create Vertex.svg Create Vertex Creates new vertices along arcs within the cross section
GMS Create Arc Tool.svg Create Arc Creates arcs between two nodes or vertices within the cross section
Pan Tool.svg Pan Pans in the viewing area of the Graphics Window
Zoom Tool Icon.svg Zoom Magnifies or shrinks the current viewing area
Borehole Frame All Cross Sections Tool.svg Frame All Cross Sections Frames to the extents of all the cross sections
Borehole Frame Current Cross Section Tool.svg Frame Current Cross Section Frames to the extents of the current cross section
Borehole Z-Magnification Tool.svg Z-Magnification Adjusts the Z-Magnification factor to increase or decrease the graphical display along the Y (real world Z) axis, making more or less room at the top and bottom of the screen while maintaining the boreholes and cross sections in the middle of the screen
Borehole Plot Options Tool.svg Plot Options Opens the Plot Options dialog. The dialog has tools for adjusting the axes plot options, including: title, background color, font, font color, grid display, axes titles, and axes display
GMS Delete Icon.svg Delete Deletes the currently selected vertices, nodes, arcs, or polygons
Borehole Left Tool.svg Left Activates the cross section to the left of the current cross section as the current cross section
Borehole Right Tool.svg Right Activates the cross section to the right of the current cross section as the current cross section
Print Icon.svg Print Prints the current Graphics Window
Borehole Auto Match Cross Section Tool.svg Auto-Match Cross Section Creates a set of straight arcs connecting matching contacts on adjacent boreholes based on the selection to use Horizons or Materials
Borehole Build Cross Section Polygons Tool.svg Build Cross Section Polygons Deletes all current polygons, builds new polygons using all of the arcs, and checks to see if every polygon built is valid. A polygon is valid only if it contains either one arc representing a borehole region or two arcs representing two matching borehole regions on two holes. Thus, every valid polygon can be assigned one and only one material type. If every polygon built is valid, the Color Fill toggle will be automatically turned on and all polygons built will be filled with the color representing the material they are assigned. Otherwise, a dialog saying "Invalid polygons present" will pop up and all polygons built will be deleted.
Borehole Delete All Cross Sections Tool.svg Delete All Deletes all of the vertices, nodes, arcs, and polygons in the current cross section

Tool Options

Some tools in the Cross Section Editor contain right-click options. These include:

  • Select Point/Node GMS Select Node Tool.svg has the following right-click commands:
    • Node to Vertices – Converts the selected node to a vertex.
  • Select Vertex GMS Select Vertex Tool.svg has the following right-click commands:
    • Vertices to Nodes – Converts the selected vertex to a node.
  • Select Arc GMS Select Arc Tool.svg has the following right-click commands:
    • Redistribute Vertices – Opens the Redistribute Vertices dialog where the distribution of the vertices on the arc can be adjusted.
    • Tin to Arc – Allows selecting a TIN in the project in order to interpolate the TIN elevations to the arc.
    • Raster to Arc – Allows selecting a raster in the project in order to interpolate the raster elevations to the arc.

Display Options

Display Toggle Description
Nodes Controls the display of the nodes in the graphics window
Vertices Controls the display of the vertices in the graphics window
Arcs Controls the display of the arcs in the graphics window
Boreholes Controls the display of the arcs in the graphics window
Poly fill Controls the display of the polygons in the graphics window
Mirror view Reverses the order in which the cross sections are displayed
Mark inactive Dims the inactive cross sections
Display axes Controls the display of the plot axes in the graphics window
Axes behind When checked, the axes are drawn behind the cross section. When unchecked, the axes are drawn on top of the cross section.
Material legend Controls the display of the material legend


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