SMS:Holland\PBL

The ADCIRC wind coverage represents a storm, such as a tropical depression or hurricane. This information can be imported from NWS 8 and 19 files (fort.22 and fort.15 files [1]), and exported by SMS for use with ADCIRC. Running ADCIRC directly from SMS also works fine, and various model checks have been implemented to help users catch mistakes and avoid crossing ADCIRC's limitations. To create a wind coverage, create a new coverage and select the coverage type Models | Wind | Holland/ PBL. Alternately, you can convert an existing coverage by right-clicking it and selecting Type | Models | Wind | Holland/ PBL

Coverage Attributes

To access the coverage attributes, right-click on the coverage and select "Properties...". The coverage attributes dialog contains several separate fields that apply to the entire hurricane, such as whether it is symmetric or asymmetric. The storm's symmetry in particular is important to set before editing node properties because it affects which fields are shown by default and regarded as required.

• Wind Model: Choose between symmetric and asymmetric definition of your storm. The wind model will determine which fields are displayed and which are hidden (by default) in the node attributes dialog.
  • Symmetric is the basic and default choice, and assumes a simple storm definition will suffice.
  • Asymmetric gives you a lot more options for defining the storm's shape and orientation.
  • PBL (Planetary Boundary Layer) is discussed separately.
• Basin and Subregion: For informational purposes, these define where in the world the storm is taking place.
• Annual cyclone number: Does not affect calculations, but is valuable for book keeping.

Building a Storm Path

The storm path should be a single continuous line with no breaks or branches. Simply clicking out an arc is sufficient -- vertices will be converted to nodes once you enter the Node Attributes dialog.

Do:

• Operate in Geographic Coordinates
• Make a single path with no breaks
• Create the number of vertices/nodes that you have data for (you can adjust their positions manually with the nodes/vertices selected, or you can set their positions within the Node Attributes dialog)

Don't:

• Create multiple paths in the same coverage
• Split the path in multiple directions
• Create loops with the path

Good example of a storm path	A good path can cross itself as long as it does not connect at the intersection
Path should not branch as in this picture	Path should never loop as shown
Only one path can exist. Multiple paths as shown are not allowed.	Different portions of the path cannot converge on each other. The arrows for each section of the path should all point in the same direction for the whole length of the path.

Notes

Consequently, the storm path and nodes information may be obtained in a hurdat file obtained on the NOAA website. Access website and save the Easy to Read version of the file. Extension for file must be saved as hurdat in order to open in SMS.

Linking the Coverage to the ADCIRC Project

Once you've defined your storm path and all its data, it's time to link the project into ADCIRC. To do this, select the ADCIRC mesh and go to ADCIRC | Model Control.

Choose the Wind tab. Select either Dynamic Holland Model (NWS=8) or Asymmetric vortex, Holland gradient wind model (NWS=19). In the Wind File Options section, click Choose coverage... to select your coverage and link it in. The Options button will now open the Coverage Attributes dialog, allowing you to edit it quickly from this dialog.

In the Timing tab be sure to set up the simulation start time and how long it runs. The wind coverage's time span should have the same start time and duration, or be longer so that it encompasses the simulation time span.

Also set up any other ADCIRC settings as needed. When finished, click OK, then go to File | Save ADCIRC, then ADCIRC | Run ADCIRC. The model check will alert you to any potential problems before ADCIRC runs.