GMS:Coverages: Difference between revisions
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[[GMS:Feature Objects|Feature | [[GMS:Feature Objects|Feature objects]] in the Map module are grouped into coverages. Coverages are grouped into [[GMS:Conceptual Model|conceptual models]]. | ||
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A coverage is similar to a layer in a CAD drawing. Each coverage represents a particular set of information. For example, one coverage could be used to define recharge zones and another coverage could be used to define zones of hydraulic conductivity. These objects could not be included in a single coverage since polygons within a coverage are not allowed to overlap and recharge zones will typically overlap hydraulic conductivity zones. | A coverage is similar to a layer in a CAD drawing. Each coverage represents a particular set of information. For example, one coverage could be used to define recharge zones and another coverage could be used to define zones of hydraulic conductivity. These objects could not be included in a single coverage since polygons within a coverage are not allowed to overlap and recharge zones will typically overlap hydraulic conductivity zones. | ||
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[[File:CoverageSetup.png|thumb|450 px|Example of the ''Coverage Setup'' dialog]] | [[File:CoverageSetup.png|thumb|450 px|Example of the ''Coverage Setup'' dialog]] | ||
The '''Coverage Setup''' command brings up the ''Coverage Setup'' dialog. This dialog controls the properties that are assigned to feature objects. The feature object properties have been divided into 3 general categories: ''Sources/Sinks/BCs'', ''Areal Properties'', and ''Observation Points''. Under the ''Sources/Sinks/BCs'' the user can select which source/sinks he would like to include in the coverage (like wells, rivers, drains, etc). ''Areal Properties'' includes recharge, ET, hydraulic conductivity, and other properties that are assigned to polygonal zones. ''Observation Points'' control which datasets have associated observation data. | The '''Coverage Setup''' command brings up the ''Coverage Setup'' dialog. This dialog controls the properties that are assigned to feature objects. The feature object properties have been divided into 3 general categories: ''Sources/Sinks/BCs'', ''Areal Properties'', and ''Observation Points''. Under the ''Sources/Sinks/BCs'' the user can select which source/sinks he would like to include in the coverage (like wells, rivers, drains, etc). ''Areal Properties'' includes recharge, ET, hydraulic conductivity, and other properties that are assigned to polygonal zones. ''Observation Points'' control which datasets have associated observation data. | ||
=== Feature Object Properties Categories === | |||
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!style="text-align:left;"| Sources/Sinks/BCs | |||
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*''Layer range'' – assign a boundary condition over one or more layers. When turned on, three column fields are added to the boundary condition attribute table including "Auto assign layer", "From layer", and "To layer". | |||
*[[GMS:WEL_Package|''Wells'']]– specify a set of selected cells as wells. | |||
*[[GMS:CLN_Process|''Wells (CLN)'']] – the Connected Linear Network (CLN) process was developed for MODFLOW-USG to model one dimensional connected features that are much smaller than a groundwater flow model's cells. The CLN Process can be used to replace multi-cell wells that would use the MNW1 or MNW2 package in other versions of MODFLOW. | |||
*''Wells (MNW)'' – Multi-Node Well package. | |||
*[[GMS:MNW2_Package|''Wells (MNW2)'']] – Multi-Node Well package that is an updated revision of the previous (MNW) package. | |||
*''Refinement'' – designate specific areas for refinement. | |||
*[[GMS:CHD_Package|''Specified Head (CHD)'']] – a time variant specified head with Constant Head Designation (CHD). This allows the value to change throughout the time step, rather than just at the beginning of the time step. | |||
*''Specified Head (IBOUND)'' – specified head boundaries are defined using a combination of the IBOUND array and the starting heads array. | |||
*''Specified Flow'' – the specified flow data is mapped to the wells package, and is treated as a well source/sink. | |||
*[[GMS:GHB_Package|''General Head'']] – a fixed head far from the model where it is assumed as a fixed head with time (i.e. river, head will not be affected by the model stresses with time). | |||
*[[GMS:DRN_Package|''Drain'']] – simulates the effect of drains on an aquifer. A set of selected cells can be specified as drains. | |||
*[[GMS:DRT_Package|''Drain (DRT)]] – DRT is the drain return. DRT allows a percentage of the removed water to be reintroduced at a specified grid cell. | |||
*[[GMS:RIV_Package|''River'']] – specify selected cells as river cells. River attributes are typically used with arcs but may also be associated with polygons and points. The river parameters include elevation, stage, and conductance. Elevation is constant. The river stage and conductance may either be constant or vary with time. | |||
*[[GMS:LAK_Package|''Lake'']] – a more sophisticated alternative to the typical approach of using the General Head package to simulate the effect of lakes and reservoirs on an aquifer. With the Lake package, the stage is computed automatically based on the water budget. | |||
*''Seepage Face'' – used to simulate a seepage face boundary condition by prescribing the elevation of a seepage face boundary node. If the water table is below this elevation, zero flux occurs at the boundary. If the water table reaches this elevation, the aquifer drains to maintain the seepage face elevation. | |||
*[[GMS:STR/SFR_Packages|''Stream'']] – used to simulate the interaction between surficial streams and the groundwater. This is somewhat similar to the River package in that water can move from the stream to the aquifer or from the aquifer to the stream depending on the relative differences in the stream stage and the water table elevations. However, unlike the River package, flow is routed through the stream. | |||
*[[GMS:STR/SFR_Packages|''Stream (SFR2)'']] – similar to the above stream option, but the SFR package has more sophisticated hydraulics and routing options. | |||
*[[GMS:HFB_Package|''Barrier'']] – a barrier to horizontal flow. Barriers are defined in one of two ways: (1) they can be defined using a set of arcs in the Map module or (2) they can be defined one cell boundary at a time. | |||
*[[GMS:MODAEM|''MODAEM head'']] – for use with MODAEM models to designate a MODAEM head. | |||
*''Observed Flow'' – designates flow observations which represent gains or losses between aquifers and streams or reservoirs. | |||
*''Trans. Observed Flow'' – designates transient flow observations which represent gains or losses between aquifers and streams or reservoirs. | |||
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!style="text-align:left;"|Areal Properties | |||
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*''Color'' – assign an areal properties polygon a specific color in the Attribute Table dialog. | |||
*''Layer range'' – assign a boundary condition over one or more layers. When turned on, three column fields are added to the boundary condition attribute table including "Auto assign layer", "From layer", and "To layer". | |||
*[[GMS:RCH_Package|''Recharge rate'']] – simulate recharge to an aquifer due to rainfall and infiltration. The recharge value represents the amount of water that goes into the groundwater system and not the amount of precipitation. | |||
*''Horizontal K'' – horizontal conductivity | |||
*''Vertical K'' – vertical conductivity | |||
*''Horizontal anis.'' – horizontal anisotropy, the relationship between the hydraulic conductivity along columns and the hydraulic conductivity along rows. | |||
*''Vertical anis.'' – vertical anisotropy, the ratio of horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivity. | |||
*''Specific storage'' – the amount of water that a portion of an aquifer releases from storage, per unit mass or volume of aquifer, per unit change in hydraulic head. | |||
*''Specific yield'' – also known as the drainable porosity, is a ratio, less than or equal to the effective porosity, indicating the volumetric fraction of the bulk aquifer volume that a given aquifer will yield when all the water is allowed to drain out of it under the forces of gravity. | |||
*''Top elev.'' – grid top elevation of the first layer. | |||
*''Bottom elev.'' – grid bottom elevation of each layer. | |||
*''Wet/dry flags'' – indicate which neighboring cells can cause a cell to become wet or dry. | |||
*''Max ET rate'' – the maximum rate of evapotranspiration when depth is zero. | |||
*''ET elev.'' – the elevation where the rate of evapotranspiration is at its maximum. | |||
*''ET Extinction depth'' – the evapotranspiration depth below the evaporation surface where the evaporation rate is zero. | |||
*''Porosity'' – assign a porosity value to the material on a polygon. | |||
*''MODPATH zone code'' – MODPATH zone codes are assigned using the IBOUND array in the MODFLOW interface. | |||
*[[GMS:Zone_Budget|''Zone budget ID'']] – zone budget ID is an integer value that can be associated with polygons in a MODFLOW conceptual model in the map module. | |||
*''Material'' – assign materials to a polygon. | |||
*''Starting concentration'' – initial concentration of all species. | |||
*''ICBUND'' – the ICBUND array contains a value for each cell in the grid defining the type of the cell as either constant concentration, inactive, or variable concentration. | |||
*''Datasets'' – use the Coverage Setup dialog to create a space for a named dataset in the Attribute Table dialog where the values can be added via an XY Series Editor. | |||
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!style="text-align:left;"|Observation Points | |||
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*''Color'' – assign an observation point a color in the Attribute Table dialog. | |||
*''Cluster Name'' – select a number of observation points and assign them to a group, or cluster by giving the cluster a name. | |||
*''Head'' – specify head value for observations. | |||
*''Trans. Head'' – specify transient head values for observation. | |||
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Note about the "Layer range" boundary condition option: the "Layer range" option can be used to apply a boundary condition over one or more layers. When turned on, three column fields are added to the boundary condition attribute table including "Auto assign layer", "From layer", and "To layer". | Note about the "Layer range" boundary condition option: the "Layer range" option can be used to apply a boundary condition over one or more layers. When turned on, three column fields are added to the boundary condition attribute table including "Auto assign layer", "From layer", and "To layer". | ||
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The ''Default layer range'' is used with MODFLOW conceptual models to default the "from layer"/"to layer" assignments for boundary conditions. | The ''Default layer range'' is used with MODFLOW conceptual models to default the "from layer"/"to layer" assignments for boundary conditions. | ||
The ''Use to define model boundary'' toggle is used with MODFLOW and MODAEM. This means that the polygons in this coverage are used to define the active area of the model. For no flow boundary cells a majority of the cell has to be | The ''Use to define model boundary'' toggle is used with MODFLOW and MODAEM. This means that the polygons in this coverage are used to define the active area of the model. For no flow boundary cells a majority of the cell has to be within a polygon for it to be active. For specified head cells if any portion of the cell is inside a boundary polygon then it is activated. | ||
=== 3D | === 3D Grid Layer Option for Observation Points === | ||
The ''3D grid layer option for obs. pts.'' is used to set the input option for observations associated with MODFLOW conceptual models. The MODFLOW observation package can handle observations that include multiple cells.Three options are available for determining which layer the observation point will be located: | The ''3D grid layer option for obs. pts.'' is used to set the input option for observations associated with MODFLOW conceptual models. The MODFLOW observation package can handle observations that include multiple cells. Three options are available for determining which layer the observation point will be located: | ||
*by z location – When the "by z location" option is selected, the computed value for the observation point (that will be compared with the observed value) will be taken from the cell that corresponds with the elevation value assigned to the observation point. | *by z location – When the "by z location" option is selected, the computed value for the observation point (that will be compared with the observed value) will be taken from the cell that corresponds with the elevation value assigned to the observation point. | ||
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The specific attributes available in this dialog vary depending on options selected in the ''Coverage Setup'' dialog. | The specific attributes available in this dialog vary depending on options selected in the ''Coverage Setup'' dialog. | ||
[[File:FeatureAttributes.png|thumb|none|400 px|Example of the feature object '' | [[File:FeatureAttributes.png|thumb|none|400 px|Example of the feature object ''Attribute Table'']] | ||
== Map To Submenu == | == Map To Submenu == | ||
Coverages can be mapped to other geometric objects or numerical models by selecting the corresponding command from the ''Map to'' submenu. | Coverages can be mapped to other geometric objects or numerical models by selecting the corresponding command from the ''Map to'' submenu. Options include: | ||
* [[GMS:Map_to_Modules#Map_.E2.86.92_TIN|'''Map to TIN''']] [[File:Map to TIN Macro.svg|16 px]] – Creates a TIN using each polygon in the coverage. | |||
* [[GMS:Map_to_Modules#Map_to_2D_Mesh|'''Map to 2D Mesh''']] [[File:Map to 2D Mesh Macro.svg|16 px]] – Creates a 2D Mesh on the interior of all of the polygons in the current coverage. | |||
* [[GMS:Map_to_Modules#Map_to_3D_Grid|'''Map to 3D Grid''']] [[File:Map to 3D Grid Macro.svg|16 px]] – Opens the ''Create Grid'' dialog. | |||
* [[GMS:Creating_and_Editing_UGrids#Map_.E2.86.92_UGrid|'''Map to UGrid''']] [[File:Map to UGrid Macro.svg|16 px]] – Creates a UGrid from feature objects. | |||
* [[GMS:Map_to_Modules#Map_to_2D_Scatter_Points|'''Map to 2D Scatter''']] [[File:Map to 2D Scatter Macro.svg|16 px]] – Creates a scatter point set from the points and nodes and vertices of the current coverage. | |||
* [[GMS:Map to MODFLOW|'''Map to MODFLOW''']] [[File:Map to MODFLOW Macro.svg|16 px]] – Converts a conceptual model to a MODFLOW numerical model. | |||
* [[GMS:Map_to_Models#Map_to_FEMWATER|'''Map to FEMWATER''']] [[File:Map to FEMWATER Macro.svg|16 px]] – Converts a conceptual model to a FEMWATER numerical model. | |||
* [[GMS:Map_to_Models#Map_to_MT3DMS|'''Map to MT3DMS''']] [[File:Map to MT3DMS Macro.svg|16 px]] – Converts a conceptual model to a MT3DMS numerical model. | |||
* '''Map to SEEP2D''' [[File:Map to SEEP2D Macro.svg|16 px]] – Converts a conceptual model to a SEEP2D numerical model. | |||
== Merge Coverage == | == Merge Coverage == | ||
Multiple coverages can be merged in a new coverage. Do this by selecting two or more coverages using the ''Shift'' key, then right-click on the coverages and select the '''Merge''' command. A new coverage will be created in the Project Explorer. This merged coverage will contain all properties and feature objects that existed on each coverage used to create the merged coverage. | Multiple coverages can be merged in a new coverage. Do this by selecting two or more coverages using the ''Shift'' key, then right-click on the coverages and select the '''Merge''' command. A new coverage will be created in the Project Explorer. This merged coverage will contain all properties and feature objects that existed on each coverage used to create the merged coverage. | ||
==Coverage Properties== | |||
Right-click on a coverage and selecting the ''Properties'' command will open a ''Properties'' dialog. This dialog will contain information about the coverage, such as the number of feature objects and projection. The dialog also contains a ''Notes'' tab for saving comments or other notes about the coverage. | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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[[Category:Project Explorer]] | [[Category:Project Explorer]] | ||
[[Category:Map Module]] | [[Category:Map Module]] | ||
[[Category:Feature Objects]] | |||
[[Category:GMS Map Dialogs]] |