WMS:Creating TINs

A TIN can be created from a set of feature objects in a drainage coverage using the Create TIN command in the Feature Objects menu. The density of vertices in the TIN will be proportional to the vertex spacing along arcs. The Redistribute command in the Feature Objects menu can be used to adjust vertex spacing and locally refine the TIN in important areas. Either an existing TIN or a DEM can be used as a background elevation map when interpolating z values for the vertices of the TIN. If appropriate z values have been assigned to the feature arcs then the z values from the arcs will override z values interpolated from the background elevation map for TIN vertices created from feature arcs vertices.

For TINs requiring a lot of memory (high resolution of vertices or covering a large spatial extent), it may be advantageous to build the TIN in the absence of a background DEM. Interpolation of elevations to the TIN from the DEM afterwards can be done in a “block by block” fashion using the Interpolate | ...to TIN command found in the DEM menu of the Terrain Data module. In other words you can read in portions of the DEM and interpolate to TIN multiple times. Elevations for TIN vertices that are not within the extents of the current DEM are not interpolated. No such option exists if a TIN is used as the background elevation source.

You may wonder why if you already have TIN data, you would ever use a TIN as a background elevation set. The primary purpose of creating TINs from feature objects is to insure that stream channels and other important hydrologic features are adequately represented in the TIN as triangle edges. If you simply triangulate a set of xyz scatter points, or import a TIN from another data source, it is not likely that this condition will exist. Creating a new TIN from feature objects will insure that the TIN is optimal for performing drainage analysis because the new TIN will be built “around” the feature objects.

Creating a TIN from a Scanned Image

One of the easiest ways to create a TIN for a small area where a paper contour map exists is to use the digitize toolbar and follow the steps outlined below:

1. Scan the paper map and save it as a TIFF (*.tif) image.
2. Register the image. (Some users may want to mark the map with the register points prior to scanning it.)
3. Turn on the Digitize toolbar and then turn on digitize mode.
4. In the value box in the digitize toolbar, set the value to the desired contour value.
5. Using the Create Vertex tool, digitize or create vertices along the specified contour value (the spacing of points along the contour lines should be approximately the same distance as the spacing between adjacent contours).
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for each contour line. Spot elevations can be entered by setting the z value to the value of the spot elevation and then creating a vertex at that location.
7. Triangulate the vertices to finish.

Of course, this method is awfully tedious for larger areas, but is ideally suited for smaller areas where there are not many contours to be digitized.

Related Topics

• Feature Objects
• Creating Watershed Models
• Feature Object Guidelines
• Creating Grids
• Converting DEMs
• Fill Command
• Merging TINs
• TIN Options
• Registering Images
• Creating Vertices