WMS:GSSHA Overland Soil Erosion: Difference between revisions

From XMS Wiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
 
(17 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
Sediments in WMS are built around a similar concept as the [[WMS:GSSHA Contaminants|contaminants]]. Just like contaminants are individual processes to be modeled, so are sediments. Soil types are defined as having proportions of sediment types in them. To simulate sediments, the sediment option in the ''Job Control'' dialog must be turned on.
{{TOC right}}[[File:Dialog GSSHA Overland Soil Erosion.png|thumb|right|500 px|GSSHA ''Overland soil erosion'' dialog.]]
The GSSHA ''Overland soil erosion'' dialog allows sediments to be defined. It is accessed by turning on ''Soil erosion'' in the other options section of the [[WMS:GSSHA Job Control|''GSSHA Job Control Parameters'' dialog]] and clicking the '''Edit parameter...''' button.  


Sediments are set up in three steps:
Sediments in WMS are built around a similar concept as the [[WMS:GSSHA Contaminants|contaminants]]. Just like contaminants are individual processes to be modeled, so are sediments. Soil types are defined as having proportions of sediment types in them. Once the desired sediment types have been created, a [[WMS:GSSHA Maps|soil type index map]] can be created that incorporates the sediment types as needed. The [[WMS:GSSHA Mapping Tables|''GSSHA Map Table Editor'' dialog]] can then be used to select soil erosion properties tables and assign parameters such as erodability and dispersivity.


# Create the sediment types,
The following buttons are at the bottom of the dialog:
# Create a soil type index map,
*'''Help''' – Opens this article in a web browser.
# Define sediment proportions and other relevant parameters for each soil type.
*'''OK''' – Saves all changes and closes the GSSHA ''Overland soil erosion'' dialog
*'''Cancel''' – Discards all changes and closes the GSSHA ''Overland soil erosion'' dialog


===Create the sediment types===
==Computation Methods==
The ''Computation methods'' section has the following options:
*''Transport capacity'' – A drop-down with the following options (see the [https://gsshawiki.com/Soil_Erosion:Overland_Erosion_Formulation GSSHA Wiki] for details):
**"Engelund-Hansen" – Used to calculate sediment transport for each sediment size class and the resulting total transport is calculated by multiplying the proportion of the size in the parent material by the calculated rate.
**"Kilinc-Richardson" – A sediment transport equation of uniform flow sheet and rill erosion on bare sandy soil.
**"Unit Stream Power" – One of several methods used to calculate the transport capacity of surface runoff based on the sediment particle median size diameter, D50.
**"Effective Stream Power" – One of several methods used to calculate the transport capacity of surface runoff based on the sediment particle median size diameter, D50.
**"Slope and Unit Discharge" – One of several methods used to calculate the transport capacity of surface runoff based on the sediment particle median size diameter, D50.
**"Shear Velocity" – One of several methods used to calculate the transport capacity of surface runoff based on the sediment particle median size diameter, D50.
*''Adjust elevations'' – Turn on to tell WMS to write the ADJUST_ELEV card to the GSSHA project file. This tells GSSHA to change the elevation in the simulation based on erosion and deposition, and then export those elevations to a file.


First, a set of sediments must be created. The ''Sediments'' dialog is accessible from the ''GSSHA'' menu if sediments are turned on in the ''Job Control'' dialog, or it is accessible directly from the ''Job Control'' dialog. As the soil types will be defined in terms of portions of sediments, the set of sediments must contain all major sediment types in the simulation. For example, if the only soil type in the simulation is a silty clay, then two sediment types must be defined, namely silt and clay.  
==Sediments==
The ''Sediments section contains a spreadsheet where types of sediments can be defined. As the soil types will be defined in terms of portions of sediments, the set of sediments must contain all major sediment types in the simulation. For example, if the only soil type in the simulation is a silty clay, then two sediment types must be defined, namely silt and clay. Sediment types can be broken down into as fine or coarse of categories as desired.


Each sediment type has the physical properties of particle size and specific gravity, which are also specified in the ''Sediments'' dialog. Sediment types can be broken down into as fine or coarse of categories as desired. Selecting the '''Use Defaults''' button in the ''Sediments'' dialog will create four sediment types, a medium gravel, a medium sand, a medium silt, and a medium clay. The output filename parameter for each sediment type defines the name of the file that GSSHA will create showing the areas of deposition and scouring for each sediment type.
Creating sediment types offers a powerful means in GSSHA to simulate any sort of particulate transport, even solid contaminants such as lead or uranium. These are set up just as all other sediment types. Once they are set up, an overlay soil type coverage can be combined with the real soil type coverage to generate the contaminant distributions.


Allowing the user to create the sediment types offers a powerful means in GSSHA to simulate any sort of particulate transport, even solid contaminants such as lead or uranium. These are as simply set up as all the other sediment types. Once they are set up, an overlay soil type coverage can be combined with the real soil type coverage to generate the contaminant distributions.
Below the spreadsheet are the following buttons:
*'''Add''' – Adds a new row to the sediments spreadsheet.
*'''Delete''' – Immediately deletes the selected row from the sediments spreadsheet.
*'''Use Defaults''' – Loads a set of four default sediment types into the sediments spreadsheet: medium gravel, medium sand, medium silt, and medium clay.


[[Image:Dialog_GSSHA_Overland_Soil_Erosion.png|thumb|none|left|600 px]]
The spreadsheet has the following columns for defining the physical properties of particle size and specific gravity:
*''Description'' – Alphanumeric field. A descriptive name for the
*''Sp. Grv.'' – The specific gravity of the particles for this type of sediment.
*''Pt. Diam.'' – The average particle diameter, in millimeters, for this type of sediment.
*''Sorb Affinity'' – The ability to pick up, or sorb, amounts of contaminants or water.
*''Base Output Filename'' – Alphanumeric field. Underscores should be used instead of spaces. No special characters. Defines the name of the file that GSSHA will create showing the areas of deposition and scouring for each sediment type.


The set of all sediments making up all the soil types for the simulation are defined in the sediments dialog. The '''Use Defaults''' button replaces the sediments already listed with the four types of sediments. For each sediment type, the particle specific gravity and average diameter must be given. An output file name must also be specified where GSSHA will write the results of the solution for that sediment type.  The computation method should be specified in the ''Overland Soil Erosion'' dialog and the ADJUST_ELEV card will be written to the GSSHA project file if the ''Adjust elevations'' option is turned on.  The ADJUST_ELEV card allows GSSHA to change the elevation in the model based on erosion and deposition and writes the adjusted elevations to a file.


===Create a soil type index map===
{{GSSHA Wiki}}
{{WMSMain}}


As with the contaminants, the next step in the process is to create the soil type index map. Creating this map is a fairly straightforward process. If no special sediment types are to be simulated, a soil type coverage imported from readily available files, such as those available from the EPA or the NRCS in the statsgo or ssurgo formats, is sufficient. Simply generate the [[WMS:GSSHA Maps|index map]] from the coverage. Later, the proportions of sediments for each soil type will be set up.
[[Category:GSSHA|O]]
 
[[Category:GSSHA Dialogs|Over]]
If a particulate contaminant is being simulated then a contaminant distribution coverage must be defined (the actual coverage type should either be land use or soil type as there is no “contaminant distribution” coverage type), as is the case with the dissolved contaminants. The area defining the extent of each contaminant must be defined, as well as a polygon that covers the entire grid where no contaminant is present. When the index map is created, use both the soil type coverage and the contaminant distribution coverage.
 
===Define sediment proportions and other relevant parameters for each soil type===
 
In the GSSHA Index Map Table Editor, select the soil erosion properties table and assign the correct index map. After generating the IDs from the map, assign the parameter values for soil erodability and dispersivity. Below these two parameters is a list of all of the sediment types, which were created in the Sediments dialog. To each sediment type assign the proportion of that sediment that makes up the soil type. For example, if the soil type is a silty clay, with 20% silt and 80% clay, a 0.2 should be assigned to the silt and a 0.8 the clay, with 0.0 assigned to the rest of the sediment types (if any). If a sediment type has not been created that should have been, simply return to the Sediments dialog and add the sediment type. Note that the sum of the sediment type proportions for each soil type needs to add up to 1.0 before GSSHA is run. If sediment types are added or deleted after setting up the soil type parameters the percentages will need to be checked.
 
==Related Topics==
* [[WMS:GSSHA|GSSHA Overview]]
* [[WMS:GSSHA Contaminants|Contaminant Transport]]
* [[WMS:GSSHA Maps|GSSHA Maps]]
* [[WMS:GSSHA Mapping Tables|Mapping Tables]]
* [[WMS:GSSHA Job Control|Job Control Dialog]]
 
{{GSSHAMain
 
|PLinks=
* [http://gsshawiki.com/index.php?title=Mapping:Assigning_Parameter_Values_to_Individual_Grid_Cells Mapping]
 
|GUMLinks=
* [http://gsshawiki.com/index.php?title=Mapping_Table:Mapping_Table_File Mapping Table File]
** [http://gsshawiki.com/index.php?title=Mapping_Table:Index_Maps Index Maps]
** [http://gsshawiki.com/index.php?title=Mapping_Table:Mapping_Tables Mapping Tables]
 
}}

Latest revision as of 16:22, 25 July 2024

GSSHA Overland soil erosion dialog.

The GSSHA Overland soil erosion dialog allows sediments to be defined. It is accessed by turning on Soil erosion in the other options section of the GSSHA Job Control Parameters dialog and clicking the Edit parameter... button.

Sediments in WMS are built around a similar concept as the contaminants. Just like contaminants are individual processes to be modeled, so are sediments. Soil types are defined as having proportions of sediment types in them. Once the desired sediment types have been created, a soil type index map can be created that incorporates the sediment types as needed. The GSSHA Map Table Editor dialog can then be used to select soil erosion properties tables and assign parameters such as erodability and dispersivity.

The following buttons are at the bottom of the dialog:

  • Help – Opens this article in a web browser.
  • OK – Saves all changes and closes the GSSHA Overland soil erosion dialog
  • Cancel – Discards all changes and closes the GSSHA Overland soil erosion dialog

Computation Methods

The Computation methods section has the following options:

  • Transport capacity – A drop-down with the following options (see the GSSHA Wiki for details):
    • "Engelund-Hansen" – Used to calculate sediment transport for each sediment size class and the resulting total transport is calculated by multiplying the proportion of the size in the parent material by the calculated rate.
    • "Kilinc-Richardson" – A sediment transport equation of uniform flow sheet and rill erosion on bare sandy soil.
    • "Unit Stream Power" – One of several methods used to calculate the transport capacity of surface runoff based on the sediment particle median size diameter, D50.
    • "Effective Stream Power" – One of several methods used to calculate the transport capacity of surface runoff based on the sediment particle median size diameter, D50.
    • "Slope and Unit Discharge" – One of several methods used to calculate the transport capacity of surface runoff based on the sediment particle median size diameter, D50.
    • "Shear Velocity" – One of several methods used to calculate the transport capacity of surface runoff based on the sediment particle median size diameter, D50.
  • Adjust elevations – Turn on to tell WMS to write the ADJUST_ELEV card to the GSSHA project file. This tells GSSHA to change the elevation in the simulation based on erosion and deposition, and then export those elevations to a file.

Sediments

The Sediments section contains a spreadsheet where types of sediments can be defined. As the soil types will be defined in terms of portions of sediments, the set of sediments must contain all major sediment types in the simulation. For example, if the only soil type in the simulation is a silty clay, then two sediment types must be defined, namely silt and clay. Sediment types can be broken down into as fine or coarse of categories as desired.

Creating sediment types offers a powerful means in GSSHA to simulate any sort of particulate transport, even solid contaminants such as lead or uranium. These are set up just as all other sediment types. Once they are set up, an overlay soil type coverage can be combined with the real soil type coverage to generate the contaminant distributions.

Below the spreadsheet are the following buttons:

  • Add – Adds a new row to the sediments spreadsheet.
  • Delete – Immediately deletes the selected row from the sediments spreadsheet.
  • Use Defaults – Loads a set of four default sediment types into the sediments spreadsheet: medium gravel, medium sand, medium silt, and medium clay.

The spreadsheet has the following columns for defining the physical properties of particle size and specific gravity:

  • Description – Alphanumeric field. A descriptive name for the
  • Sp. Grv. – The specific gravity of the particles for this type of sediment.
  • Pt. Diam. – The average particle diameter, in millimeters, for this type of sediment.
  • Sorb Affinity – The ability to pick up, or sorb, amounts of contaminants or water.
  • Base Output Filename – Alphanumeric field. Underscores should be used instead of spaces. No special characters. Defines the name of the file that GSSHA will create showing the areas of deposition and scouring for each sediment type.